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Fleet admiral (FADM)〔s:Public Law 78-482 Pub.L. 78-482 – To establish the grade of Fleet Admiral for the United States Navy; to establish the grade of General of the Army, and for other purposes.〕 was a five-star flag officer rank in the United States Navy and was, in its time, the highest rank attainable in the service. Fleet admiral ranked immediately above admiral and was equivalent to general of the Army and General of the Air Force. The fleet admiral rank was created by Congress to be granted to four people during the World War II era. There has been no authorization to use the rank since. Mistakenly, many believe that the rank is still in existence but reserved for wartime use (this error even appears on some official rank charts), though no legal provisions ever existed for its use other than for the four officers appointed to it. The insignia for a fleet admiral was composed of five silver stars in a pentagonal design. Worn on the service dress uniform sleeve was a gold stripe two inches wide surrounding the sleeve two inches from the cuff with four half-inch stripes placed at 1/4 inch intervals. The single gold five-pointed star, one ray down, worn above the top stripe was not part of the rank per se but indicated the wearer to be a line officer. ==Fleet admirals of the United States Navy== The United States rank of fleet admiral was created by an Act of Congress for four officers to hold on a temporary basis under Pub.L. 78-482 on December 14, 1944.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title=An Act to establish the grade of Fleet Admiral for the United States Navy; to establish the grade of General of the Army, and for other purposes )〕 The rank was made permanent for the four individual holders by on March 23, 1946, but that law made no provision to establish the rank itself permanently.〔 〕 Although Congress authorized the promotion of Omar Bradley to the five star rank of general of the Army in 1950 while serving as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff so that he would be of the same rank as General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, the theater commander in Korea, there has been no new legislation authorizing the use of the rank of fleet admiral since 1946. It was held during and after World War II by the following officers: * William D. Leahy – December 15, 1944 * Ernest J. King – December 17, 1944 * Chester W. Nimitz – December 19, 1944 * William F. Halsey, Jr. – December 11, 1945 The timing of the first three appointments was carefully planned, such that a clear order of seniority and a near-equivalence between the services was established for the generals of the Army promoted at the same time. General Marshall was promoted to general of the Army on December 16, 1944; General MacArthur was promoted on December 18, 1944; General Eisenhower was promoted on December 20, 1944, and General Arnold was promoted on December 21, 1944. He would later be laterally promoted to general of the Air Force on May 7, 1949 after the Air Force was created as a separate service as part of the National Defense Act of 1947. A close contender to receive the rank of fleet admiral was Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. However, U.S. Representative Carl Vinson, a strong supporter of Admiral Halsey, reportedly blocked the final promotion of Spruance to fleet admiral on several occasions. However, Congress then responded by passing an Act of Congress, unprecedented for an individual, that stated that Admiral Spruance would receive a full four-star admiral's salary during the remainder of his life. According to Public Law 78-482, fleet admirals on active duty receive the same pay as a rear admiral, upper half (two star) plus a $5,000 personal allowance, and upon retirement were to receive 75% of their active duty pay.〔s:Public Law 78-482 Pub.L. 78-482 – To establish the grade of fleet admiral for the United States Navy; to establish the grade of general of the Army, and for other purposes.〕 When Public Law 79-333 made the rank permanent for Leahy, King, Nimitz, and Halsey, it also provided for full pay and allowances once those officers retired.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fleet admiral (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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